Fuel planning & reserves
Sound fuel planning keeps a flight legal and safe. The rules set minimum reserves on top of trip fuel, with more for IFR and commercial operations.
Trip fuel
Fuel to taxi, take off, climb, cruise, descend and land at the destination.
Reserves
Add contingency, alternate and final-reserve fuel as the operating rules require.
IFR & commercial
IFR and commercial flights carry extra alternate and holding fuel, see Part 91 and Part 121.
Regulations cited
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